faction

faction [ FAK-shuh'n ]
[ noun ]

MEANING :
1. (n.) a group of persons forming a contentious minority within a larger group
2. (n.) internal conflict
3. (n.) literature with a mix of fact and fiction

USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
They belonged to the faction that promoted disruptive activities.

USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
The Red Army Faction, also known as the Baader-Meinhof gang, killed more than 30 people before breaking up 10 years ago.

grueling

grueling [ GROO-uh'-ling ]
[ noun, adjective ]

MEANING :
1. (adj.) physically and mentally tiring or exhausting
2. (n.) an exhausting experience

USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
The children reached the top of the hill after a grueling climb.

USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
She was rushed into surgery and after a grueling 10-hour operation, Kang is now recovering well and will be able to live a normal life.

throes

throes [ throh ]
[ noun ]

MEANING :
1. (n.) a painful spasm or a pang
2. (n.) the agony of or violent convulsion
3. (n.) a sharp attack of emotion

USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
The wounded policeman was in the throes of death by the time he was rushed to the hospital.

USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
She was speaking at the end of a visit to the country which is once again in the throes of civil war.

Edict

edict [ EE-dikt ]
[ noun ]

MEANING :
1. (n.) a decree issued by an authority
2. (n.) a command or order by a sovereign

USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
The king’s edict was that peasants were not allowed to hunt deer.

USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
Mr Condino said an edict by Nicholas II dated 1908 stipulated the "effective owner" was the cabinet of the tsar, a state body.

incidental

incidental [ in-si-DEN-tl ]
[ noun, adjective ]

MEANING :
1. (adj.) incurred casually and in addition to a regular
2. (adj.) insignificant or subordinate in nature
3. (n.) minor expense

USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
The company reimbursed the salesmen for incidental expenses incurred.

USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
Although to our audience, I have been Phil Archer for the majority of my adult life, my Archers salary always went down on my tax returns as incidental earnings.

What are V and inverted V curves ?

V Curve- Excitation vs Armature current

V curve is the graph showing the relation of armature current as a function of field current in synchronous machines. The purpose of the curve is to show the variation in the magnitude of the armature current as the excitation voltage of the machine is varied.

Inverted V Curve- Excitation vs Power Factor

The synchronous motor “V Curves” shown above illustrate the effect of excitation (field amps) on the armature (stator) amps and on system power factor. There are separate “V” Curves for No-Load and Full-Load and sometimes the motor manufacturer publishes curves for 25%, 50%, and 75% load. Note that the Armature Amperage and Power Factor “V” Curves are actually inverted “V’s”.

Assume it is desired to determine the field excitation which will produce unity power factor operation at full motor load. Project across from the unity power factor (100%) operating point on the Y-Axis to the peak of the inverted Power Factor “V” Curve (blue line). From this intersection, project down (red line) from the full-load unity power factor (100%) operating point to determine the required field current on the X-Axis.

In this example the required DC field current is shown to be just over 10 amps. Note at unity power factor operation the armature (stator) full-load amps is at the minimum value.

Increasing the field amps above the value required for unity power factor operation will cause the machine to run with a leading power factor, while field weakening caused the motor power factor to become lagging. When the motor runs either leading or lagging, the armature (stator) amps increases above the unity power factor value.

More Electrical Question

Electrical Engineering Interview Questions

What are V and inverted V curves Answer
What is Cross field revolving theory
What are the advantages of Non salient
What are the different methods of starting of machines
What is Over excitation
How does load gets affect with speed in Synchronous machines
What is Synchronous condenser
Why poly phase induction motors are self starting
What is meant by Crawling in Induction motors
What is the purpose of Auto-Transformer
What is Dark lamp method
What is meant by Skew in Induction motors
What is meant by Cogging in Induction motors
What are universal motors
What is double field revolving Theory
Why single phase Induction motors are not self starting
What is a pony motor
What is under excitation
What is normal excitation
Explain the operation of alternators on infinite bus
What is the effect of change in input power
What is the effect of change in excitation
Can you explain the Parallel operation of Alternators
What is synchronizing Current
What is Synchronizing Torque
What is Synchroscope method
What is Bright lamp method
What are different methods of Synchronising alternators
What does Synchronisation of Alternators mean
How can we determine Xd and Xq
What is slip test
What is two reaction theory
What are the different methods of finding voltage regulation
What is synchronous Impedance method
What is A.S.A method
What is potier method
What is m.m.f method
What is voltage regulation of an Alternator
How does cooling of Synchronous machines takes place
What is brushless excitation system
What is static excitation System
What are the methods of excitation of a Synchronous machines
What is Tooth Ripple
How can we reduce the effect of harmonics
What are Harmonics
What is breath factor
What is pitch factor
What are the conditions to be satisfied for parallel operation of transformers
What is efficiency and condition for maximum efficiency in a transformer
Why do we perform load test or Sumpner’s test on Transformers
Why do we perform Polarity tests on Transformers
What is voltage regulation of a Transformer
How can we express volts, amperes, and ohms etc in Per Unit Values
How does wattmeter connected on H.V side records the Ohmic losses on L.V side also
What are Open and Short circuit tests of a Transformer
What is the Emf equation in a Transformer
What is B-H curve
What are Transformer losses
What are Transformers
How does the transfer of impedance takes place in transformers
What are the properties of a ideal two winding transformer
What is the principle involved in working of a transformer
What do you mean by heating and cooling of transformers
For low power levels and high power levels which type of transformers are preferred
What is the need to reduce leakage flux and how can we do this in both core and shell type Transformers
What is leakage flux
What are the two general type of Transformers based onin which manner windings Are Wound
Why does Transformers are know as to have high efficiency
How does electrical energy transfer takes place in Transformers
Where Transformers are applicable
Name different types of Transformer based on Number of windings
How are Primary and secondary windings of a Transformer connected
What is commutator action
What is a commutator
What are rotary parts of D.C motor
What are Stationary parts of a D.C motor
What is Armature Reaction
Explain Separate excitation
Explain Self excitation
What are different methods of Machines
What are speed torque characteristics
What are Mechanical losses
What are different cooling methods
What is pull in torque
What is pull-out-torque
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mention the applications of Induction motors and generators
Mention the applications of Synchronous generators and motors
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What are heating and cooling curves of Induction machines
What is Synchronous speed
What is the difference between single phase and Poly phase Induction machines
What is the difference between single phase and Polyphase Synchronous Machines
What are Non Salient pole Synchronous Machines
What are Salient pole Synchronous Machines
What are Squirrel cage Induction machines
What are Slip ring Induction machines
How are Inductions Machines classified
How are Synchronous machines classified
How does the E.M.F generation takes place in Dc machine
Explain the Stator and Rotor windings of Induction Machines
Explain the Armature and Field windings of Synchronous machine
What is Synchronization
What are Synchronous and Induction machines
What are full pitched and short pitched coils
What are Electrical and Mechanical degrees
What is Pole-Pitch
What are the differences between Dc and Ac machines
What is Reluctance or Alignment toque
What is Electromagnetic or Interaction torque
What is the generator and the principle involved in generator
What is a motor and the principle involved in the motor
What is Coupling Field reaction
What is Electromagnetic energy conversion Principles
What factors causes Noise in a Transformer and How can we reduce it
What are Three Phase Transformers give their four Standard connections
What is need of Induction regulators in Transformers
What are Tap changers on Transformers and what is their need
What are Hysteresis and Eddy current losses
What are Stray load and Dielectric losses
Why does sparking occurs in a commutator
What happens if the field coil is opened
What happens if the Armature coil is opened
What are the Advantages of stationary armature
What are the two types of Armature windings
What are Permanent magnet Dc Motors
What is Power Factor
What are Rotating Amplifiers
What is Brake test
What is Regenerative or Hopkinson’s method of testing
What is Swinburne’s or indirect method of testing
What is Direct method of testing
How does testing of D.C machines takes place
How does speed control can be obtained in motors by using SCR’S
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How does the speed control of motors takes place
What factors influence the speed of a D.C motor
What is external resistance
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What are the necessary conditions to be obtained for staring of a Motor
What is D.C compound Motor
What are operating characteristics of D.C Motors
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What are Cumulative compound generators
What is Magnetization curve
What is Motor mode
What is Generating mode
What are different operating characteristics of D.C generators
What are the effects of Brush shifts
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What are the effects of Armature reaction
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Mobile nuber portability with just Rs. 19 from Dec 2009

Pay just Rs 19 for portability

Come January 2010, consumers need to pay only Rs 19 and change their service provider, even as they retain the same mobile number.that could intensify the stiff competition in the world's fastest-growing telecom market and push call charges ever lower, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) on Friday said the porting charges for switching one's mobile operator 'cannot be more than Rs 19.'

The country is set to introduce mobile number portability (MNP) on December 31. MNP allows the subscribers to retain their existing mobile telephone number even as they move from one access provider to another. This move is irrespective of the mobile technology or from one cellular mobile technology to another of the same access provider, in a licensed service area. In other words, the consumer can switch from CDMA to GSM.

The move is expected to increase competition among operators and act as a catalyst to improve their quality of service. Operators are free to levy any amount less than or equal to Rs 19, the regulator has said in a statement.

The dipping charges, payable by an access provider or an international long distance operator to MNP service provider for dipping of each message, has been left to mutual negotiation between telecom service providers and respective MNP service providers, the statement added.

MNP was initially planned to be launched in the country by October. According to the Trai guidelines, porting or switching a mobile number from the existing service provider to the new one should be completed within a maximum time period of four days.

A shakeout is clearly indicated in the telecom field. The move is being looked at as one of opportunity for new licencees, which are clearly looking to connect with potential subscribers. Existing operators are also mulling the the opportunity to let go of those subscribers who are not profitable.

Four new firms, including ventures of international telecom operators Telenor, Etisalat and Batelco, are set to start services in India this year, and MNP would clearly make it easier for them to lure existing subscribers, according to an analyst tracking the telecom sector.

"The principal loss in any kind of number portability are the bigger players. The new ones, however, stand to gain tremendously," the analyst said, adding, that around 2-3% of the consumers "are likely to port."

"Number portability intends to increase churn rates since it gives consumers the ability to change service providers without changing their mobile phone numbers," said a senior official with a telecom firm, requesting anonymity. However, the official cautioned, "that the threat for operators is that regulators may use it as a tool to force tariffs down and create opportunities to license more operators."

MNP would "also lead to high implementation costs for the operators, including equipment costs.

source

Cell users can ditch operator for Rs 19

Mobile users unhappy with the services of their operators just need to pay a nominal fee of Rs 19 for moving to a new service provider, telecom regulator TRAI said on Friday.

Subscribers in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and category ‘A’ circles such as Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh will be allowed number portability from December 31 while the rest of the country will have the facility from March next year.

Several surveys have shown that about half the country’s mobile users are unhappy with the services offered by their cellular operators. Besides, the telecom industry already has an annual churn rate of 40%, indicating that a big chunk of subscribers could dump their operator to avail better tariff plans and services.

TRAI said the fee for availing of number portability cannot be more than Rs 19. With new operators waiting to start operations in the already crowded Indian telecom market, the industry is expected to see competitive pricing in this segment too. Thirteen mobile phone firms are jostling for space in a market that, analysts say, can support no more than 5 operators. Four more companies are due to launch services next year.

TRAI has also snubbed the demands of Syniverse Technologies and MNP Interconnection Teleco Solutions, two companies chosen to implement number portability, that they be allowed to charge customers between Rs 75 and Rs 200 every time they change their operator.

TRAI'S analysis revealed that customers may not opt for MNP if they would have to pay more than Rs 50, the amount needed to take a new prepaid lifetime connection. "Based on stakeholder comments and keeping in mind international practices, the Authority has estimated 10% porting rate for the first 15 months and 7%, 6% and 5% for the successive three years for the calculation of per port transaction charge," Trai said in a statement.

In a draft regulation released by TRAI earlier, the regulator had said that new mobile users would be permitted to change their operators only after 90 days of signing up with a service provider. The users who wish to change their operator will have to give a written undertaking to their existing service provider for switching to a new operator. TRAI has fixed a four-day window for operators to process an application.

source

TRAI fixes mobile porting charge at Rs. 19

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on Friday fixed Rs.19 as the porting charge (the amount to be paid by a subscriber to the recipient operator) for availing the mobile number portability (MNP) facility, which is likely to be launched in January 2010.

The TRAI said operators, however, were free to levy any amount less than or equal to this charge

The MNP will allow a subscriber to retain his number even when he moves from one operator to another irrespective of the mobile technology.

“The facility of retention of existing mobile telephone number despite moving to a new telecom service provider helps in increasing competition between the service providers and acts as a catalyst for the service providers to improve their quality of service,” it added.

The TRAI also fixed ‘per port transaction charge’ at Rs.19.

“Per port transaction charge” means the charge payable by the recipient operator (the operator where the subscriber is willing to port his number) to the MNP service provider for processing the porting request of a mobile number.

These charges will come into force on December 31, 2009.

source

VEDANTA Placement Paper(Written Test,GD,Interview)-19 nov 2009

Test Date : 19 November 2009
Test Location : Jodhpur

THE SELECTION PROCEDURE

1) WRITTEN TEST

2) G.D.

3) TECHNICAL + HR INTERVIEW

Eligibility Criteria

1. The candidate must not have crossed 24 years of age as on 30 Sept, 10.

2. The candidate must have achieved first class in his/her 10th & 12th with first/single attempt. And no year gaps in between.
3. The candidate must be having no Keep Terms/ Backlogs history and must have got above aggregate of 60% or first class in his/her engineering.
4. The candidate should not have more than one-year gap between 12th and Engineering admission.

Total No. Of Candidates - 35(Mechanical),21(Electrical),10(Chemical)
Selected from written - 21(Mechanical),9(Electrical),5(Chemical)

Selected from GD - 19(Mechanical),8(Electrical),5(Chemical)

Final Result - 16(Mechanical),6(Electrical),2(Chemical)

Total Selected for Vedanta Group-24

G.D. Topics-(Group members-8,Time-10 min)

1.Why we need better technology for education

2.Human Cloning

3.IT engineer vs Mechanical engineer

4.IT is useful for social integration

Interview Question-

1.Tell me about yourself.

2.Why do you want to join this company?

3.What is your favorite subject?

4.Tell me about your training experience.

5.Which is best-Nuclear or Thermal power plant.

6.What is use of summer training?

7.Knowledge about Grid Sub Station(GSS).

8.Circuit Breaker and Isolator.

9.instrument Transformer.

10.Transformer parts.

Building the Electrical Circuit with powerlib Library

The graphical user interface makes use of the Simulink functionality to interconnect various electrical components. The electrical components are grouped in a special library called powerlib.

Open the SimPowerSystems library by entering the following command at the MATLAB prompt:

powerlib

You can open these libraries to produce the windows containing the blocks to be copied into your circuit. Each component is represented by a special icon having one or several inputs and outputs corresponding to the different terminals of the component.