Showing posts with label GATE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GATE. Show all posts

List of maximum mark (out of 100) obtained by candidate in GATE 2013 and GATE 2014


SOME FACTS OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS


The number of significant digits in an answer to a calculation will depend on the number of significant digits in the given data, as discussed in the rules below. Approximate calculations (order-of-magnitude estimates) always result in answers with only one or two significant digits.
 
When are Digits Significant?
Non-zero digits are always significant. Thus, 22 has two significant digits, and 22.3 has three significant digits.
With zeroes, the situation is more complicated:
  1. Zeroes placed before other digits are not significant; 0.046 has two significant digits.
  2. Zeroes placed between other digits are always significant; 4009 kg has four significant digits.
  3. Zeroes placed after other digits but behind a decimal point are significant; 7.90 has three significant digits.
  4. Zeroes at the end of a number are significant only if they are behind a decimal point as in (c). Otherwise, it is impossible to tell if they are significant. For example, in the number 8200, it is not clear if the zeroes are significant or not. The number of significant digits in 8200 is at least two, but could be three or four. To avoid uncertainty, use scientific notation to place significant zeroes behind a decimal point:
8.200 ´ 103 has four significant digits 8.20 ´ 103 has three significant digits
8.2 ´ 103 has two significant digits

Significant Digits in Multiplication, Division, Trig. functions, etc. In a calculation involving multiplication, division, trigonometric functions, etc., the number of significant digits in an answer should equal the least number of significant digits in any one of the numbers being multiplied, divided etc.
Thus in evaluating sin(kx), where k = 0.097 m-1 (two significant digits) and x = 4.73 m (three significant digits), the answer should have two significant digits.
Note that whole numbers have essentially an unlimited number of significant digits. As an example, if a hair dryer uses 1.2 kW of power, then 2 identical hairdryers use 2.4 kW:
1.2 kW {2 sig. dig.} ´ 2 {unlimited sig. dig.} = 2.4 kW {2 sig. dig.}


 
Significant Digits in Addition and Subtraction
When quantities are being added or subtracted, the number of decimal places (not significant digits) in the answer should be the same as the least number of decimal places in any of the numbers being added or subtracted.
Example:
5.67 J (two decimal places)
1.1 J (one decimal place)
0.9378 J (four decimal place)
7.7 J (one decimal place)


 
Keep One Extra Digit in Intermediate Answers 
When doing multi-step calculations, keep at least one more significant digit in intermediate results than needed in your final answer.
For instance, if a final answer requires two significant digits, then carry at least three significant digits in calculations. If you round-off all your intermediate answers to only two digits, you are discarding the information contained in the third digit, and as a result the second digit in your final answer might be incorrect. (This phenomenon is known as "round-off error.")

  
The Two Greatest Sins Regarding Significant Digits
  1. Writing more digits in an answer (intermediate or final) than justified by the number of digits in the data.
  2. Rounding-off, say, to two digits in an intermediate answer, and then writing three digits in the final answer.

GSAT 10

GSAT-10, with a design life of 15 years is expected to be operational by November and will augment telecommunication, Direct-To-Home and radio navigation services.At 3,400 kg at lift-off, it is the heaviest built by Bangalore-headquartered Indian Space Research Organisation. It was ISRO's 101st space mission.Arianespace's heavy lifting Ariane-5 ECA rocket launched the satellite about 30 minutes after the blast off from the European launch pad in South America at 2.48 am, prior to which it injected European co-passenger ASTRA 2F into orbit. GSAT-10 carries 30 transponders (12 Ku-band, 12 C-band and six Extended C-Band), which will provide vital augmentation to INSAT/GSAT transponder capacity

Blood Circulation in Heart

Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium of the heart (via veins called the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava). The blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where the blood is enriched with oxygen (and loses carbon dioxide). The oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood is then carried back to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein. The blood is then pumped to the left ventricle, then the blood is pumped through the aorta and to the rest of the body. This cycle is then repeated. Every day, the heart pumps about 2,000 gallons (7,600 liters) of blood, beating about 100,000 times.

Seven sisters in India


The Seven Sisters of India are the seven relatively unexplored and isolated Indian states -- Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh -- which for many years was closed to foreigners. This land, better known to the world as the North-Eastern region of India, borders China, Tibet, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. India's remote northeast, the area comprising the seven states stretching from Tibet in the north to Myanmar (Burma) in the south, among them Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Assam. In this area, rarely visited by foreigners, peoples scarcely known to the Western world continue a way of life steeped in ancient ritual.

Mineral Resources in India

India has a large number of economically useful minerals and they constitute one-quarter of the world's known mineral resources. 

About two-thirds of its iron deposits lies in a belt along Odisha and Bihar border. Other haemaite deposits are found in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharastra and Goa. 

Magnetite iron-ore is found in Tamilnadu, Bihar and Himachal. I

ndia has the world's largest deposits of coal. Bituminous coal is found in Jharia and Bokaro in Bihar and Ranigunj in West Bengal.

 Lignite coals are found in Neyveli in Tamilnadu. 

 Next to Russia, India has the largest supply of Manganese. The manganese mining areas are Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra and Bihar-Odisha area. 

Chromite deposits are found in Bihar, Cuttack district in Odisha, Krishna district in Andhra and Mysore and Hassan in Karnataka.

 Bauxite deposits are found in western Bihar, southwest Kashmir, Central Tamilnadu, and parts of Kerala, U.P, Maharastra and Karnataka. 

 India also produces third quarters of the world's mica. Belts of high quality mica are, Bihar, Andhra and Rajasthan. Gypsum reserves are in Tamilnadu and Rajasthan. 

Nickel ore is found in Cuttack in Bihar and Mayurbanj in Odisha.

 Ileminite reserves are in Kerala and along the east and the west coastal beaches.

 Silimanite reserves are in Sonapahar of Meghalaya and in Pipra in M.P. 

Copper ore bearing areas are Agnigundala in Andhra, Singhbum in Bihar, Khetri and Dartiba in Rajasthan and parts of Sikkhim and Karnataka.

 The Ramagiri field in Andhra, Kolar and Hutti in Karnataka are the important gold mines. 

 The Panna diamond belt is the only diamond producing area in the country, which covers the districts of Panna, Chatarpur and Satna in Madya Pradesh, as well as some parts of Banda in Uttar Pradesh. 

 Petroleum deposits are found in Assam and Gujarat. Fresh reserves were located off Bombay. 

The potential oil bearing areas are, Assam, Tripura, Manipur, west Bengal, Punjab, Himachal, Kutch and the Andamans. 

 India also possesses the all-too valuable nuclear uranium as well as some varieties of rare earths. 


SOILS

 Soil-types in India can be classified into three groups. 

The first group comprises of the alluvial, black and red soils, which are basically fertile and are arable and cultivatable. 

 The second group consists of the peaty and marshy, the saline and alkaline soils which are potentially arable.  

The third group is the laterite and forest and hill soils, which are not at all suitable for cultivation. The main alluvial area is found in the Indo-Gangetic plain and the Peninsular regions. 

The main crops are rice, sugarcane and wheat. Black soil is found in the northwestern regions and in the Deccan lava areas and Tamilnadu. 

 Black soil is especially suited for cotton. Red soil is particularly rich in potash and is found in northern and central India. 

The peaty and marshy soils are found in the Bengal deltas, Saline and alkaline soils in the semi-arid regions of Bihar, U.P, Gujarat, Punjab and Rajasthan. 

Desert soils are found in the minimum rain receiving areas of Gujarat, Punjab and Rajasthan. Laterite soil is common in the low hills of Andhra, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Assam. 

 There are two crop seasons: Kharif, Rabi. 

The major Kharif crops are rice, jowar, maize, cotton, sugarcane, sesame and groundnut. 

The Rabi crops are wheat, jowar, barley, gram, rapeseed and mustard and the summer crops are rice, maize, groundnut and some cash crops.

List of countries by uranium production

1 Kazakhstan 
2 Canada 
3 Australia 
4 Namibia 
5 Niger 
6 Russia 
7 Uzbekistan 
8 United States  
9 Ukraine 
10 China

Indian order of precedence - Protocol List

1 President 

2 Vice President 

3 Prime Minister

4 Governors of states (within their respective states) 

5 Former Presidents, Deputy Prime Minister 

6 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Speaker

7 Former Prime Ministers, Cabinet Ministers of the Union, Leaders of Chief Opposition in the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission of India , Chief Ministers of States (within their respective states), Holders of the Bharat Ratna decoration 

8 Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and High Commissioners of the Commonwealth of Nations accredited to India, Governors of states (outside their respective states), Chief Ministers of states (outside their respective states) 

9 Judges of the Supreme Court, Comptroller and Auditor General of India , Chief Election Commissioner of India , Chairman of Union Public Service Commission 

10 Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha , Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha , Members of the Planning Commission, Deputy Chief Ministers of States, Ministers of State of the Union (and any other Minister in the Ministry of Defence for defence matters) 

11 Attorney General of India , Cabinet Secretary , Lieutenant Governors (within their respective Union Territories) 

12 Chiefs of staff holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank (Air Chief Marshal, Admiral)

 13 Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary accredited to India 

14 Chairman and Speakers of State Legislatures within their respective States, Chief Justices of High Courts within their respective jurisdictions 

15 Cabinet Ministers in States within their respective States, Chief Ministers of Union Territories and Chief Executive Councillor of Delhi, within their respective Union Territories, Deputy Ministers of the Union 

16 Officiating Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank 

17 Chairman of Central Administrative Tribunal, Chairman of Minorities Commission, Chairman of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission, Chief Justice of High Courts outside their respective jurisdictions, Puissant Judges of High Courts within their respective jurisdictions

 18 Cabinet Ministers in States outside their respective States, Chairmen and Speakers of State Legislatures outside their respective States, Chairmen of Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission, Deputy Chairmen and Deputy Speakers of State Legislatures within their respective States, Ministers of State in States within their respective States, Ministers of Union Territories and Executive Councilor of Delhi within their respective Union Territories, Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Chairman of Delhi Metropolitan Council within their respective Union Territories

 19 Chief Commissioners of Union Territories not having Councils of Ministers, within their respective Union Territories, Deputy Ministers in States within their respective States, Deputy Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Deputy Chairman of Metropolitan Council Delhi within their respective Union Territories 

20 Deputy Chairman & Deputy Speakers of State Legislatures, outside their respective States, Ministers of State in States outside their respective States, Puisne Judges of High Courts outside their respective jurisdictions. 

21 Members of Parliament 

22 Deputy Ministers in States outside their respective States 

23 Army Commanders/Vice Chief of the Army Staff or equivalent in other Services, Chief Secretaries to State Governments within their respective States, Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Members of Minorities Commission, Members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission, Officers of the rank of full General or equivalent rank, Secretaries to the Government of India (including officers holding this office ex-officio), Secretary of Minorities Commission, Secretary of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission, Secretary to the President, Secretary to the Prime Minister, Secretary to Rajya Saba/Lok Saba, Solicitor General of India , Vice-Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal 

24 Officers of the rank of Lieutenant-General, Vice-Admiral or Air Marshal 

25 Additional Secretaries to the Government of India, Additional Solicitor General, Advocate Generals of States, Chairman, Tariff Commission, Charge d’ Affairs and Acting High Commissioners a pied and ad interim, Chief Ministers of Union Territories and Chief Executive Councillor, Delhi outside their respective Union Territories, Chief Secretaries of State Governments outside their respective States, Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General, Deputy Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Deputy Chairman, Delhi Metropolitan Council, outside their respective Union Territories, Director, Central Bureau of Investigation,

List of Dams and Reservoirs on Rivers in India

S.No.
Dam Name
State Name
River Name
1
Nizam Sagar Dam
Andhra Pradesh
Manjira River
2
Somasila Dam
Andhra Pradesh
Pennar River
3
Prakasam Barrage
Andhra Pradesh
Krishna River
4
Dindi Reservoir
Andhra Pradesh
Krishna River
5
Lower Manair Reservoir
Andhra Pradesh
6
Tatipudi Reservoir Project
Andhra Pradesh
Gosthani River
7
Srisailam Dam
Andhra Pradesh
Krishna River
8
Singur dam
Andhra Pradesh
9
Gandipalem Reservoir
Andhra Pradesh
Gandipalem, Manneru River
10
Ramagundam Dam
Andhra Pradesh
Godavari
11
Dummaguden Dam
Andhra Pradesh
Godavari
12
Himayat Sagar Reservoir
Andhra Pradesh
River Musi
13
Shriram Sagar Reservoir
Andhra Pradesh
Godavari River
14
Ukai Dam
Gujarat
15
Dharoi Dam
Gujarat
Banas River
16
Kadana dam
Gujarat
Mahi River
17
Dantiwada Dam
Gujarat
Sabarmati River
18
Pandoh Dam
Himachal Pradesh
Beas River
19
Bhakra Nangal Dam (ONGC GT 2012)
Himachal Pradesh
Sutlej River
20
Nathpa Dam
Himachal Pradesh
Sutlej River
21
Chamera Dam
Himachal Pradesh
Ravi River
22
Gobind Sagar, Reservoir
Himachal Pradesh
Sutlej River
23
Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir
Himachal Pradesh
24
Salal Project
Jammu & Kashmir
Chenab River
25
Baglihar Dam
Jammu & Kashmir
Chenab River
26
Chutak Hydroelectric Project
Jammu & Kashmir
27
Dumkhar Hydroelectric Dam
Jammu & Kashmir
Indus River
28
Uri Hydroelectric Dam
Jammu & Kashmir
Jhelum River
29
Maithon Dam
Jharkhand
Barakar Rive
30
Chandil Dam
Jharkhand
Subarnarekha River
31
Panchet Dam
Jharkhand
Damodar River
32
Tunga Bhadra Dam
Karnataka
Tungabhadra River and Krishna River
33
Linganamakki dam
Karnataka
Sharavathi River
34
Kadra Dam
Karnataka
Kalinadi River
35
Alamatti Dam
Karnataka
Krishna River
36
Supa Dam
Karnataka
Kali River
37
Krishna Raja Sagara Dam
Karnataka
Cauvery River
38
Harangi Dam
Karnataka
Cauvery River
39
Ghataprabha Reservoir
Karnataka
Ghataprabha River
40
Manchanabele Dam
Karnataka
41
Narayanpur Dam
Karnataka
Krishna River
42
Kodasalli Dam
Karnataka
Kali River
43
Basava Sagara Dam
Karnataka
44
Hemavathi Reservoir
Karnataka
45
Banasura Sagar Dam
Kerala
Chalakudy River
46
Malampuzha Dam
Kerala
Malampuzha River
47
Peechi Dam
Kerala
48
Idukki Dam
Kerala
Periyar River
49
Kundala Dam
Kerala
Parambikulam River
50
Parambikulam Dam
Kerala
Parambikulam River
51
Walayar Dam
Kerala
Walayar River
52
Mullaperiyar Dam
Kerala
Pennar River
53
Neyyar Dam
Kerala
Pennar River
54
Rajghat Dam
Madhya Pradesh
Betwa River
55
Barna Dam
Madhya Pradesh
Barna River
56
Indirasagar Project
Madhya Pradesh
Narmada River
57
Narmada Dam Project
Madhya Pradesh
Narmada River
58
Bargi Dam
Madhya Pradesh
Narmada River
59
Bansagar Dam
Madhya Pradesh
Son River
60
Gandhi Sagar Dam
Madhya Pradesh
Chambal River
61
Tawa Reservoir
Madhya Pradesh
Tawa River
62
Yeldari Dam
Maharashtra
Purna River
63
Ujani Dam
Maharashtra
Bhima River
64
Pawna Dam
Maharashtra
Pawna River
65
Mulshi Dam
Maharashtra
Mula River
66
Koyna Dam
Maharashtra
Koyna River
67
Jaikwadi Dam
Maharashtra
Godavari River
68
Bhatsa Dam
Maharashtra
Bhatsa and Chorna rivers
69
Wilson Dam
Maharashtra
Pravara River
70
Tansa Dam
Maharashtra
71
Panshet Dam
Maharashtra
Mutha River
72
Mula Dam
Maharashtra
73
Kolkewadi Dam
Maharashtra
Koyna River
74
Girna Dam
Maharashtra
Girna and Godavari River
75
Bhandardara Dam
Maharashtra
Arthur Lake
76
Vaitarna Dam
Maharashtra
Vaitarna River
77
Radhanagari Dam
Maharashtra
Bhogawati River
78
Nandur Madhmeshwar Dam
Maharashtra
79
Manair Dam
Maharashtra
Manair River
80
Khadakwasla Dam
Maharashtra
Mutha River
81
Gangapur Dam
Maharashtra
82
Jalaput Dam
Orissa
83
Balimela Reservoir
Orissa
Sileru River
84
Indravati Dam
Orissa
Indravati River
85
Hirakud Dam (ONGC GT 2012)
Orissa
Mahanadi River
86
Vaigai Dam
Tamil Nadu
Vaigai River
87
Aliyar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
River Aliyar
88
Chittar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Chittar River
89
Krishnagiri Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
90
Manimuthar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
91
Pechiparai Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
River Kodayar
92
Soolagiri Chinnar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
93
Thunakadavu Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Chalakudy River
94
Varattupallam Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
95
Vidur Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
96
Perunchani Dam
Tamil Nadu
Paralayar River
97
Amaravathi Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
98
Gundar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Berijam Lake
99
Kullursandai Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Arjuna Nadi
100
Pambar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Pambar River
101
Periyar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Periyar River
102
Stanley Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Kaveri River
103
Uppar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
104
Vattamalaikarai Odai Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Odai River
105
Willingdon Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Periya Odai River
106
Mettur Dam
Tamil Nadu
Kaveri River
107
Bhavanisagar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Bhavani River
108
Kodaganar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Kodagananar River
109
Manimukthanadhi Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
110
Parambikulam Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Parambikulam River.
111
Sholayar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
112
Thirumurthi Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Parmabikulam Aliyar River
113
Varadamanadhi Reservoir, Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
114
Vembakottai Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
Vaippar River
115
Manjalar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu
116
Parichha Dam
Uttar Pradesh
Betwa River
117
Rihand Project
Uttar Pradesh
Rihand River and Son River
118
Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Dam
Uttar Pradesh
Rihand River
119
Tehri Dam (ONGC GT 2012)
Uttrakhand
Bhagirathi River
120
Dhauli Ganga Dam
Ganga River
121
Nagarjun Sagar (UPSC ESE 2014, ONGC GT 2012)
Andhra Pradesh
Krishna River